The underutilisation of female condoms among women of reproductive age remains a critical public health issue in Zambia, despite extensive efforts to promote their use. This study examines the factors contributing to the low uptake of female condoms in Keemba, a peri-urban area in Monze District, Southern Province. Utilising both quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study aims to assess the knowledge, socio-economic, demographic, and service-related factors influencing the utilisation of female condoms.

Since their invention in 1988 by Lasse Hassel and subsequent global distribution, female condoms have been promoted as a female-initiated barrier method that offers protection against STIs, HIV, and unintended pregnancies. Despite significant distribution efforts, including the provision of 210 female condoms to Keemba Rural Health Centre in 2017, usage remains at a mere 1.9%. Nationally, only about 4% of women of reproductive age report using female condoms as their preferred contraceptive method, highlighting a significant gap between availability and utilisation.

This study explores various dimensions that might affect the acceptance and use of female condoms. It investigates the level of knowledge among women, socio-economic factors such as spousal communication and income, demographic influences including age, marital status, educational level, and occupation, and the impact of health service-related factors. The findings will offer insights into the barriers faced by women in adopting this contraceptive method and provide recommendations to enhance its utilisation.

By addressing these factors, the study seeks to contribute to a more effective distribution and promotion strategy for female condoms, ultimately aiming to improve reproductive health outcomes in the region. The research underscores the need for targeted interventions that consider the socio-cultural and economic contexts of women in Keemba and similar settings, promoting a more informed and supportive environment for the use of female condoms.